246 men (mean age 68, range:36–88) were recruited. Descriptive characteristics of the subjects are tabulated in Table 1(a). The men are stratified into 4 groups according to their age (<70 vs >=70) and degree of nocturia (<=2 vs >2) for comparison.
Of all the variables listed, baPWV is positively correlated with the age (R: right=0.41, left=0.37, p<0.0001) and the number of nocturia per night (R: right=0.16, left=0.17, p<0.01); whereas it is negatively correlated with the weight (R: right= -0.17, left= -0.15, p<0.01), the height (R: right= -0.26, left= -0.24, p<0.0001), IIEF-5 (total score) (R: right= -0.16, left= -0.17, p< 0.01) and the voided volume (R: right= -0.19, left= -0.20, p<0.01) respectively.
In contrast, ABI on both sides are neither correlated to any LUTS/ED/Nocturia symptoms nor to any history of DM / HT / IHD. However, left side ABI is correlated positively to some arthropometric parameters, namely body weight (R=0.152, p-0.017) and BMI (R=0.140, p=0.028), whereas right side ABI is correlated positively to the amount of voided volume (R=0.143, p=0.025). Both ABI appeared to be negatively correlated with the age (R: right= -0.119, p=0.063; left= - 0.121, p=0.058).
Figure 1 shows that baPWV significantly increases (i.e. worsening CAS) with nocturia in men<70yo {ANOVA, F(2,136), p=0.017}, yet they are not closely linked in the older men (>=70yo) {ANOVA, F(2,104), p=0.781}. Nonetheless, baPWV of men(>=70yo) are higher than that of the men(<70yo) across mild to moderate degree of nocturia yet their differences are getting closer with the severity of nocturia and indistinct for the nocturia more than 4 times per night {Figure 1(a)&(b)}.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis {Table 1(b)} shows that age (OR: 2.70, 95%CI: 1.52-4.76), DM (OR: 2.26, 95%CI: 1.06-4.83), hypertension (OR: 1.95, 95%CI 1.10-3.45) and nocturia{>2 per night} (OR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.02-3.12) are the independent determining factors for baPWV >1800cm/s in our cohort.