The differential cytokine profiling is shown in figure 1. Twenty-one cytokines were highly expressed in hMSCs more than 10 times their expression in LNCaP including; IL1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-13, IL-16, LIGHT, SDF-1, BDNF, TNF-B, HGF, bFGF, FGF-7, IGFBP-4, GDNF, TGF-B1, MCP-1, MIG, Flt-3 lig. Twenty cytokines were highly expressed in hMSCs about 5-10 times their expression in LNCaP including; IL-1ra, IL-1B, IL15, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, TGF-B3, MIP-1-delta, Leptin, axl, RANTES, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, TIMP-1, PARC, SCF, TARC, GCP-2, Fractalkine, MDC.
Co-culturing of hMSCs and LNCaP cells revealed regression of cancer cell count when co-cultured with equivalent (1:1) or more amount of hMSCs (2XhMSCs: 1XLNCaP). Co-culturing less cell count of hMSCs (0.5 to 1) with LNCaP cells resulted in a higher proliferation of the cancer cells than control. Treating the cancer cells with the secretome revealed marked regression (figure 2a).
After 24 hours of treatment of prostate cancer cells with hMSCs secretome without cells, LNCaP (androgen sensitive) and PC-3 (androgen resistant) cells were evaluated by performing MTT viability assay (Figure 2b). Androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) cells were significantly declined. However, PC-3 cells increased after treatment without reaching statistical significance.